Internal Contro in Accounting System - 8245 Words

Internal control and accounting systemsFor use in the AAT Accounting Qualification | R2271 Cookridge Carpets | Assessment book | Time allowed: Four months Note: Your report must be written/typed, completed and submitted for formal assessment within four months. You will have four more opportunities to submit further supporting evidence at the discretion of your assessor. Please discuss this with your assessor. AAT Level 4 Diploma in Accounting | QCF qual ref | SCQF qual ref | QCF unit ref | SCQF unit ref | Internal control and accounting systems | 500/8323/5 | R079 04 | | | * Principles of internal control | | | D/600/4960 | U395 04 | * Evaluating accounting systems | | | H/600/4961 | U396 04 | Assessment†¦show more content†¦1.5 Candidate conduct for invigilated assessments Candidates must: 1.5.1 Enter a security code on LearnPlus in order to access the Assessment book. The invigilator will provide the security code at the beginning of the assessment. 1.5.2 Download and save the Assessment book file to their desktop and rename the file as follows: membership number, surname, forename, assessment short code (for example BAI, FNST) and date of assessment. 1.5.3 Upload and submit the completed Assessment book and assessment documents to LearnPlus within the allocated time. It is the candidate’s responsibility to ensure they have uploaded the correct file(s) before removing/deleting all locally saved copies from their desktop at the end of the assessment. Candidates may not: 1.5.4 Ask other candidates or the assessor for help; assessments submissions must be the candidate’s own unaided work. 1.5.5 Refer to reference materials or use any electronic device other than a standard non-programmable calculator. 1.5.6 Remove items from the assessment room including paper allocated for rough work. 1.5.7 Make copies of live assessment materials. To do so is considered misconduct and a breach of AAT assessment rules and regulations (see 1.9.1 and 1.9.2). 1.6 Candidate conduct for non-invigilated assessments 1.6.1 See 1.5.2, 1.5.3, 1.5.7 and 1.5.8. 1.7 Breaks during theShow MoreRelatedInternal Contro in Accounting System8245 Words   |  33 PagesInternal control and accounting systemsFor use in the AAT Accounting Qualification | R2271 Cookridge Carpets | Assessment book | Time allowed: Four months Note: Your report must be written/typed, completed and submitted for formal assessment within four months. You will have four more opportunities to submit further supporting evidence at the discretion of your assessor. Please discuss this with your assessor. AAT Level 4 Diploma in Accounting | QCF qual ref | SCQF qual ref | QCF unit ref |Read MoreChapter 1 Managerial Accounting, the Business Organization, and Professional Ethics7756 Words   |  32 Pages | | |PROBLEMS | | |LO1: Describe the major users and uses of |A1, B1 |33 |39, 40, 42 |55 | |accounting information. | | | | | |LO2: Explain why ethics is important to management|A3 |37, 38 |47, 49, 40Read MoreCase Studies for Management (taken at various books and websites)12036 Words   |  49 Pagesyou know what financial constraints may affect program design? 4. Has your accounting division reviewed this program design from an accounting treatment perspective? 5.  ­What are the results that need to be achieved in the short and long term? Case #28 KB HOME The CEO of KB Home departed in 2006 after an internal investigation revealed that he had backdated his own stock options. The company’s internal investigation indicated that the CEO and head of HR had probably altered theRead MoreSustainable Tea at Unilever10669 Words   |  43 Pages Do The first issue was how Unilever could transform a supply chain that was not only geographically very diverse but also highly fragmented. Unilever bought tea from all producing regions, and in many markets the majority of production was contro lled by smallholders who sold their tea at open auctions. Unilever and the Rainforest Alliance had successfully certified Unilever’s own tea estates ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Read MoreMerchant Banking18039 Words   |  73 Pagesguides the clients on various aspects like Locational factors, organizational size, operational scale, choice of product, market survey, cost analysis, cost reduction, allocation of resources, investment decision, capital management and expenditure contro, pricing, etc. â€Æ' Following are the activities which form part of corporate counseling: 1. Providing guidance in areas of diversification based on the Government’s economic and licensing policies. 2. Undertaking appraisal of product lines, analyzingRead MorePest Analysis of Cambodia22548 Words   |  91 PagesEconomic Association (CEA).It is supported by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada.  © 2010 The Development Research Forum in Cambodia All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the written permission of CDRI. ISBN-10: 99950–52–35-5 Scoping Study: Research Capacities of Cambodia’s Universities Special Report Internal Contro in Accounting System - 8245 Words Internal control and accounting systemsFor use in the AAT Accounting Qualification | R2271 Cookridge Carpets | Assessment book | Time allowed: Four months Note: Your report must be written/typed, completed and submitted for formal assessment within four months. You will have four more opportunities to submit further supporting evidence at the discretion of your assessor. Please discuss this with your assessor. AAT Level 4 Diploma in Accounting | QCF qual ref | SCQF qual ref | QCF unit ref | SCQF unit ref | Internal control and accounting systems | 500/8323/5 | R079 04 | | | * Principles of internal control | | | D/600/4960 | U395 04 | * Evaluating accounting systems | | | H/600/4961 | U396 04 | Assessment conduct†¦show more content†¦Guidance Your report will form your assessment for the learning and assessment area Internal Control and Accounting Systems that comprises the following two QCF units: * Evaluating Accounting Systems * Principles of Internal Control You should map your report to these units by page and paragraph number to ensure that you cover all the assessment criteria (see Appendix 1 – Mapping of report to outcomes and criteria). You will be assessed on your formal business report, which your assessor can review a maximum of five times. Your report must be written/typed, completed and submitted for formal assessment within four months. You may have four further opportunities to submit additional supporting evidence at the discretion of your assessor. Please discuss this with your assessor. There may also be a final interview required with your assessor. If you are judged to be not yet competent at that stage, you will need to complete a new report based on a different case study. Assessors will conduct a final interview with Distance Learning candidates. To access general guidance on report writing and report content, log into your MyAAT account on the AAT website, http://aat.org.uk/myaat Assessment Tasks You have just been employed to work as the Senior Accounts Clerk at Cookridge Carpets, a carpets, soft furnishings and beds dealershipShow MoreRelatedInternal Contro in Accounting System8245 Words   |  33 PagesInternal control and accounting systemsFor use in the AAT Accounting Qualification | R2271 Cookridge Carpets | Assessment book | Time allowed: Four months Note: Your report must be written/typed, completed and submitted for formal assessment within four months. You will have four more opportunities to submit further supporting evidence at the discretion of your assessor. Please discuss this with your assessor. AAT Level 4 Diploma in Accounting | QCF qual ref | SCQF qual ref | QCF unitRead MoreChapter 1 Managerial Accounting, the Business Organization, and Professional Ethics7756 Words   |  32 Pages | | |PROBLEMS | | |LO1: Describe the major users and uses of |A1, B1 |33 |39, 40, 42 |55 | |accounting information. | | | | | |LO2: Explain why ethics is important to management|A3 |37, 38 |47, 49, 40Read MoreCase Studies for Management (taken at various books and websites)12036 Words   |  49 Pagesyou know what financial constraints may affect program design? 4. Has your accounting division reviewed this program design from an accounting treatment perspective? 5.  ­What are the results that need to be achieved in the short and long term? Case #28 KB HOME The CEO of KB Home departed in 2006 after an internal investigation revealed that he had backdated his own stock options. The company’s internal investigation indicated that the CEO and head of HR had probably altered theRead MoreSustainable Tea at Unilever10669 Words   |  43 Pages Do The first issue was how Unilever could transform a supply chain that was not only geographically very diverse but also highly fragmented. Unilever bought tea from all producing regions, and in many markets the majority of production was contro lled by smallholders who sold their tea at open auctions. Unilever and the Rainforest Alliance had successfully certified Unilever’s own tea estates ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Read MoreMerchant Banking18039 Words   |  73 Pagesguides the clients on various aspects like Locational factors, organizational size, operational scale, choice of product, market survey, cost analysis, cost reduction, allocation of resources, investment decision, capital management and expenditure contro, pricing, etc. â€Æ' Following are the activities which form part of corporate counseling: 1. Providing guidance in areas of diversification based on the Government’s economic and licensing policies. 2. Undertaking appraisal of product lines, analyzingRead MorePest Analysis of Cambodia22548 Words   |  91 PagesEconomic Association (CEA).It is supported by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada.  © 2010 The Development Research Forum in Cambodia All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the written permission of CDRI. ISBN-10: 99950–52–35-5 Scoping Study: Research Capacities of Cambodia’s Universities Special Report

Determinants of Gross Domestic Saving in Ethiopia a Time...

Determinants of Gross Domestic Saving in Ethiopia: a time series analysis Kidane Badeg Contact: Kidane Badeg MoFED P.o.Box 1905, Addis Ababa , Ethiopia Email: kbadeg@mofed.gov.et Abstract The study conduct a time series analysis of the determinants of gross domestic saving in Ethiopia using co-integration and error correction econometric modeling(ECM), and employed data for the period of 1971-2009 collected from National bank of Ethiopia (NBE), MOFED, CSA and world bank on annual base. The study revealed that GPCI, DR, INF, GTR and GGDS1-t significant influence on GDS in cointegration model. Further more GPC, INF, GTR and GGDS1-t are also significant in ECM model while PCI, RIR and GM2 showed insignificant coefficient in both†¦show more content†¦This is, therefore, that Keynes (1936) said saving become to be seen as potentially disruptive to the economy and harmful to social warfare as it reduce one component of demand, consumption, with out increase investment and it may cause inadequate demand and hence out put and employment lower than the capacity of the economy. This failure may attribute to variety of reasons including wage rigidity, liquidity prefer ence and fixed capital coefficient in production (Modigliani 1986). Despite the importance of saving for economic growth, saving rate is lower to finance the domestic investment in most developing countries. Sub Sahara Africa has low gross domestic saving (18% its GDP) when compare to South Asia, 26% and newly industrialized countries 43% in 2005 (IMF, 2007). For Ethiopia, during the imperial era, gross domestic saving as a percent of GDP was 11% on average. After the socialist state took power in 1974 there were expectations to wards the increment of saving by eliminating the luxury life style of the ruling classes. In actual fact the policy of imposing capital ceiling became a serious disincentive to saving class and further encouraged conspicuous consumption (Befekadu and Birhanu, 2000). Instead of increasing, what turned out during the Derg regime was the ratio of gross domestic saving (GDS) as percent of GDP has declined from 11% to 4% on average, while further show a very haphazard rate during the entire Derg regime from high of 7% inShow MoreR elatedFactors Affect Profitability26818 Words   |  108 PagesIndustry Amdemikael Abera A Thesis Submitted to The Department of Accounting and Finance Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (Accounting and Finance) Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia June 2012 Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the thesis prepared by Amdemikael Abera, entitled: Factors Affecting Profitability: an Empirical Study on Ethiopian Banking Industry and submitted in partialRead MoreThe Ethiopian Financial Sector Reform29124 Words   |  117 Pagescomments. My thanks also goes to Ato Kagnew Wolde, Ato Tegenu Hailu, Ato Atnafu G/Meskel and Staff of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia; without whose encouragement and support, this paper would have not been completed timely. I am also indebted to my family and friends for their enduring moral support to finalize this task. Thanks must also be extended to staff of National Bank of Ethiopia, public and private banks and Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, who provided data and information whichRead MoreFactors Affect Choice of Bank Services23387 Words   |  94 Pagesperiod. My heartfelt thanks also go to my friends G/yessus G/hiwot (Defo) and Bahre Gebru for their technical, material, and moral supports. For they have devoted unreserved efforts to comment and edit my work before it has sent to advisor, the research time was a lovely moment for me. G/medhin G/silassie and Berhe W/mariam also deserve thankfulness for participating in the survey study. Last but not least, I would like to extend my gratitude to all my friends, colleagues and my beloved family who haveRead MoreClimate Change And Its Effects On Economic Growth Essay8671 Words   |  35 PagesFramework †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 2.2 Empirical Literature †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 22 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 25 3.0 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 25 3.3 Model Specification †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 26 3.4 Data Analysis and Techniques †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 26 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 28 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background The evidence of climate change in Kenya is undeniable, while its effects on economic growth are no more mysterious; ratherRead MoreFormal and Informal Institutions21073 Words   |  85 PagesROSCAs SACCOs SCAs SMEs Anglican Church of Kenya Analysis of variance Gross domestic product Industrial and Commercial Development Corporation Kenya Rural Enterprise Programme Kenya shillings Mutual assistance groups Non-bank financial institutions Non government organisations Post Office Savings Bank Promotion of Rural Initiatives and Development Enterprises Rotating savings and credit associations Savings and credit cooperative societies Savings and credit associations Small and microenterprises Read MoreThe Cause of Globalization18688 Words   |  75 Pagesrestrict the multinationalization of production, but they have increasingly chosen to liberalize because of the macroeconomic benefits. Although the one-time Ricardian gains from freer trade are clear, whether trade is good for growth in the medium term is less certain. In the case of trade, the increasing interest of exporters in opening up domestic markets has had a powerful impact on the trend to liberalization. Cross-national variations in market integration still endure, but these are more theRead MoreAppraisal Techniques of Public Investments and Projects62994 Words   |  252 Pagesshadow pricing methodology and performance measures and decision criteria, together with financial and economic analysis techniques. By their very nature, public projects involve benefits and costs to society over a number of years into the future, unfortunately, market prices and investment outcomes cannot be predicted with certainty. The manual also introduces qualitative analysis concepts of investments. Author Mr. Sulaiman Kyambadde, is an economist, and a business and development consultant Read MoreInflation Cause, Effects and Remedies11309 Words   |  46 Pagesaccommodate chronic inflation, normal economic activities are disrupted: Consumers buy goods and services to avoid even higher prices; real estate speculation 1 increases; businesses concentrate on short-term investments; incentives to acquire savings, insurance policies, pensions, and long-term bonds are reduced because inflation erodes their future purchasing power; governments rapidly expand spending in anticipation of inflated revenues; and exporting nations suffer competitive trade disadvantagesRead MoreInflation Cause, Effects and Remedies11320 Words   |  46 Pagesaccommodate chronic inflation, normal economic activities are disrupted: Consumers buy goods and services to avoid even higher prices; real estate speculation 1 increases; businesses concentrate on short-term investments; incentives to acquire savings, insurance policies, pensions, and long-term bonds are reduced because inflation erodes their future purchasing power; governments rapidly expand spending in anticipation of inflated revenues; and exporting nations suffer competitive trade disadvantagesRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture

Family Honor Free Essays

Family honor is romeo and juliet is represented by the constant attempts to preserve family pride from both houses. This defense and pride causes many deaths and deeper problems that are passed down from generation to generation. In the first scene of romeo and juliet, the montagues and capulets come across each other, and because of the deep rooted hatred they have for each other’s fmilies, they taunt one another and begin to fight. We will write a custom essay sample on Family Honor or any similar topic only for you Order Now This fight worsens the already tarnished relationship the two houses share. Tybalt, a capulet, holds a strong place in defending his family’s honor. It is so strong that he even enjoys it. Like Tybalt, the Montegues are fueled by their hatred for one another. What they don’t realize is that this hatred only challenges each other’s family honor. Family honor is not always such a negative thing. This can similarly occur outside fiction as well. In my family, there has been little representation of family honor. For example, moving around at such a high rate, we have been unable to develop feuds with other families. There were bits of family honor in my life. At school I was against telling anyone details about what was going on in my home life in an attempt to protect and defend my family’s honor. This often was unsuccessful. Though, the type of family honor show in my life differed from the family honor shown in Romeo and Juliet. All in all, there is a distinct representation of famly honor in Romeo and juliet. This honor can also be shown in real life. This completely depends on the family and what family honor means to them. For me, family honor is not a huge factor in my life. This does not mean I do not have family pride. I cannot relate much to romeo and juliet. How to cite Family Honor, Papers

Why hate crimes should carry more severe punishments

Introduction The world of crime has had numerous inventions of crime types cropping up each day in the society. These crimes range from the simple ones such as piracy to the complex ones such as murder. However, regardless of the weight of the crime committed, justice has to take place by having the criminal punished.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Why hate crimes should carry more severe punishments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The hate crime is one such crime that happens to occur each day in almost all regions of the world (Levin and McDevitt). Common hate crimes that have been documented include those listed below. The case of â€Å"Admiral Duncan, a ‘gay pub’ in Soho, London in which three died, and scores were injured, is an example. And the callous attack on the young gay man Matthew Shepard who was pistol-whipped and left lashed to a fence in freezing conditions to die later in hospital in Wyoming in October 1998† (Iganski 1). Others include â€Å"the brutal murder by white supremacists of James Byrd, who was beaten unconscious, chained to the back of a pickup truck and dragged for miles along rural roads outside the town of Jasper, Texas in June 1998, as well as the racist murder of black teenager Stephen Lawrence in South London in 1993† (Iganski 1). These are just but some of the cases that attracted media attention. Others have taken place and left unmentioned because of the current laws regarding hate crimes. Hate crimes entail several criminal offences such as arson, assault, vandalism, injury, and murder. They normally come about when one party is motivated by bias of issues such as religion, sex, class, ethnic group, political affiliation, gender, and age among other differences, to hurt the other party (Elmore 1). The aforementioned factors that arouse bias are difficult to change hence making the victim continue suffering if at all there is no intervention by the law. When hate crimes are committed, they bring about damage to property, injury to the individual and psychological issues depending on the type of criminal act committed. In other words, hate crimes normally cause diversified impacts on the victim of the act, as well as the community (Elmore 1).Advertising Looking for research paper on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, it should be known that all human beings have their rights and freedom, which protect them from being victimized. In case, an individual is victimized through the hate crimes the law should intervene to punish the criminals who violate the rights of other people. This research paper will be an in-depth analysis of the punishments accorded to hate crime offenders. The reasons as to why these punishments should be made more severe because of the psychological impact they bring about to the victim and the commun ity will also be discussed. The psychological impact of hate crimes Unlike other criminal offences, hate crimes not only have an impact on the victim but the community is also affected by the crime (Elmore 1). A victim of hate crime will undergo several physical and psychological problems because of the act. For instance, when one is raped or assaulted, their physical body is normally injured especially the body parts that the victim gets hold of. Thereafter, the victim will be at risk of being in distress, depressed, stressed and anxious, which in most cases leads to posttraumatic disorder. Posttraumatic disorder will occur in cases where the victim was threatened to death or severely injured like in the case of arson. In most of the cases, posttraumatic disorder is characterized by nightmares, disturbed sleep, and loud illusions that inflict much fear on the victim (Elmore 1). In other cases, the victim may have a low self-esteem thus refusing to interact with the other people as they did before. The individual victim of hate crimes have also been noticed to develop the desire for revenge, which makes them angry at all times (Elmore 1). Hopelessness is also another character that comes about because of hate crimes. The victims could also suffer from shame and humiliation especially from people who witnessed the act. Although, the crime may have seemed to be of minute effect in the first instance, the outcomes may have a significant effect on the life of the victim after the crime. The life of the individual may completely change from the outgoing persons they were before to the self-reserved persons who have no hope for the future.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Why hate crimes should carry more severe punishments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The society also suffers from hate crimes committed, as the criminals of hate crimes pose a great threat to the people in the communi ty. For instance, in a community where cases of rape are rampant, people especially of the female gender will have this fear of being late to their homes hence being forced to be home early because of security reasons (Elmore 1). The same applies to cases where arsonists are rampant. The community members will be living in fear thus not having peace. In this case, they will not be sleeping comfortably during the night. In other cases, hate crimes that target specific groups of religion or political affiliations will create fear in these groups, thus hindering people from joining them. Similarly, when people are part of a group targeted by the hate crime offenders they tend to feel insecure. In severe cases, this could lead to mental problems being experienced by the affected people. The reason behind this is the tension created by the hate crime offenders. Other than psychological problems, hate crimes also bring about damage of public goods of the community. For instance, hate crim e offenders could destroy churches, temples, and other places of worships, if they are against the religious sects. This affects the development of the community as they are forced to reconstruct the destroyed properties all again (Elmore 1). Additionally, the community loses trust in criminal justice institutions, since they believe that the reason as to why the hate crime offenders exist is that the law is lenient on them. If at all, the law was strict and put in place severe punishments for the hate crime offenders, cases of hate crimes would no longer exist. The punishments accorded to hate crimes Offenders Despite the increase of hate crime in the recent past especially in the United States of America, the best way of dealing with the hate crime offenders has not been arrived at. The controversy mainly lies on the weight of the crime in which the antagonists have classified issues of hate crime to be petty.Advertising Looking for research paper on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The protagonists, on the other hand, call for severe punishments for the hate crime offenders. In most cases, the hate crime offenders are normally punished through penalty enhancements (Reuter 33). In this case, the offender has to be found guilty of bias before being punished under the court of jurisdiction. The motive of bias differs from country to country with some basing it on religious matters, political affiliations, or racial discriminations (Reuter 34). Nevertheless, the court is left to give a ruling on the case of hate crime. This is because most countries have not put in place legislation that guides the jurisdiction of hate crime offenders. Why the punishments on hate crimes should be more severe Having looked at the impacts that hate crimes cause to the individual victim and the society it is of the essence that severe punishments are accorded to the hate crime offenders. The fact that there is no clear jurisdiction of punishing the hate crime offenders, calls for the enactment of laws that will ensure substantial punishment of the hate crime offenders (Reuter 35). As noted earlier, most countries rely on the presence of bias in the crime in order to pass judgment on the offender. This should not be the case as hate crimes hold serious matters just like other crimes. In this case, they should be treated with the same weight. The debate on the punishment of hate crime offenders has been in the lime light for a long time now. There are the antagonists who criticize the severity of the punishments accorded to the hate crime offenders. Those critics argue that increasing the punishment of hate crime offenders is against the fundamental human rights. They claim that the hate crime offenders should not be severely punished as people are debating about, since they are just human beings like the others. Furthermore, the hate crime offenders are in the same league as the other criminal offenders and should therefore not be ‘over-punished’ (R euter 35). The critics go on to claim that the hate crime offenders have families to take care of, as well as other responsibilities that human beings have. On the other hand, those who advocate severe punishments on the offenders of hate crime argue that in executing the punishment, it is not the offender being punished but rather the mistake. In this, they argue that human rights are not violated in the execution of the punishment. In addition, the fact that hate crimes bring about so much harm to the victims and the society, it is of the essence that the hate crime offenders are severely punished (Reuter 35). For instance, the government of the United States of America has enacted laws that impose severe punishments to the criminals of hate crime. The punishment is more than the usual punishment that is accorded to offenders of other crimes. Looking at the debate from the perspective of an individual or society that has suffered from hate crimes, one would definitely agree to it that the hate crime offenders deserve severe punishments. As discussed earlier, hate crimes could significantly affect the life of an individual by completely transforming them from the outgoing personality they had to the self-reserved and hopeless individuals. Having this in mind, it is agreeable that hate crime offenders cause great harm to the people in the society and should therefore, be severely punished. Hate crimes also bring about fear of joining or being in certain differential groups as well as making the people in the society to live in fear. This violates the rights and freedom of human beings, something that is against the laws. As such, the punishment of hate crime should incorporate the penalty of the act as well as the violation of human rights and freedom. The Current debate on hate crimes punishments The situation of hate crime has taken a different route in the recent past, with the legislative arms of governments of most nations enacting laws that advocate for severe punishments for the hate crime offenders. In 1999, the parliament of the United States government passed a bill by 83-61 vote that advocated for tougher penalties on the hate crime offenders (Parker 1). During the proceedings of the bill enactment, the author of the bill gave an example of an individual who had been killed by a track the previous year, whose death had caused much pain to the family members (Parker 1). Although, there was no agreement during that sitting, subsequent campaigns have been put in place to ensure that hate crime offenders get tough and severe punishments (Shively and Mulford 1). It is however, important that hate crime offenders are severely punished to not only prevent them from repeating the crime but also bar other potential offenders to commit hate crimes. As such, the society will be safe and people will no longer be living in fear of hate crime offenders (Parker 1). At the same, people in the society will be able to enjoy their rights and fre edom without interference. Conclusion From the above discussion, it is clear that hate crimes are just the common criminal offences that are committed on a day-to-day basis. These include acts such as rape, arson, vandalism, and murder just to mention a few. The hate crimes have been seen to bring about many negative impacts on the life of the individual victim and the whole society (Parker 1). Given the fact that these hate crimes bring about much trauma in the life on the victim causing them to change from who they were initially, it is of the essence that the hate crime offenders get severe punishment. Again, the community is affected when hate crime offenders are present in the society (Elmore 1). A society that is invaded by hate crime individuals faces the risk of being damaged thus demanding for reconstruction of the damaged property (Shively and Mulford 1). Concisely, the society in whole fall victim of the hate crimes as human rights and freedom are violated. This is someth ing that is against the law. The debate has however, been on whether the punishment of the hate crime offenders should be more severe (Levin and McDevitt). The issue remains controversial, despite the several attempts to clarify and create some sense on the arguments. Those who are against the increase in punishment of hate crime offenders claim that it will be against the human rights to punish the hate crime offenders more than the other criminal offenders. On the other hand, those advocating for the increase in punishment argue that it is not the individual being punished but rather the mistake committed, hence no violation of any human rights (Levin and McDevitt). In conclusion, it is true to say that hate crimes cause psychological impact on the individual and the society. As such, the hate crime offenders should be severely punished given the effect they cause. Works Cited Elmore, Diane. The Psychology of Hate Crimes. American Psychological Association.  N.d. Web. Iganski, P aul. The Hate Debate. Institute for Jewish Policy Research. 2002. Web. Levin, Charles., and McDevitt, Kevin. Hate Crimes: The Rising Tide of Bigotry and  Bloodshed. New York: Plenum Press, 1993. Print. Parker, Philip. Hate crime offenders would face tougher punishment under bill approved  by House. Morris News Service. April 1999. Web. Reuter, Nona. Hate Crime Laws: A Practical Guide. OSCE. 2009. Web. Shively, Michael., and Mulford, Carrie. Hate Crime in America: The Debate Continues.  National Institute of Justice Journal. 257, (2007): 1. Web. This research paper on Why hate crimes should carry more severe punishments was written and submitted by user Taraji Monroe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Juror Misstatements of Law

Juror Misstatements of Law Free Online Research Papers McDowell v. Calderon, 130 F.3d 833 (9th Cir. 1997), cert. denied, 523 U.S. 1103 (1998). Death sentence reversed where jury misunderstood instructions regarding what may be considered as mitigating evidence. But see Coleman v. Calderon, 525 U.S. 141 (1998), overruling McDowell to the extent Boyde analysis relied upon inconsistently from Brecht harmless error analysis requirements. Rasbury v. State, 832 S.W.2d 398 (Tex. Ct. App. 1992). Capital case. First degree murder convict entitled to a new hearing on his motion for a new trial because first hearing excluded relevant evidence relating to one jurors misstatement of the law of self-defense as a fact, rather than an opinion and the juror indicated that he had been a magistrate, thus implying he knew the law. The court ruled that it appeared that jurors could testify to statements made by other jurors if the statement is relevant to the validity of the verdict. Id. at 399. Young v. Brunicardi, 232 Cal. Rptr. 588 (Cal. Ct. App. 1986). Negligence judgment reversed and remanded for a new trial because juror erroneously stated the law of negligence in that he said defendant could not be negligent if he had not been ticketed for his actions. Flores v. Dosher, 622 S.W.2d 573 (Tex. 1981). Negligence judgment reversed and plaintiffs granted a new trial when juror erroneously told other jurors that it did not matter how they answered the special issues because plaintiffs would recover anyway. Reese v. Britain, 570 S.W.2d 528 (Tex. Ct. App. 1978). Will contest judgment was reversed when one juror gave other jurors erroneous instructions on the law of undue influence. In determining whether this was an overt act, the court listed the following factors as significant: nature of the conduct, significance of the conduct, presence or absence of a rebuff, whether the statements were asserted as matter of opinion or fact, the timing of the misconduct, duration of deliberations and any other matters occurring during trial that might have a bearing. Id. at 533. Dealing with misconduct When an employee has done something or failed to do something which adversely affects his/her work, the ability of others to do their work, or the agencys mission, a supervisor is faced with decisions on how to handle the incident or series of incidents. First, the supervisor must decide whether the incident involves the employees poor job performance or an act of misconduct or delinquency. Normally, it is one or the other, but in some cases it could be both. Next, the supervisor must decide what type of management action will best deal with the incident(s). If it is misconduct or delinquency, such as tardiness, failure to properly request leave, insubordination, theft, etc., then an option could be to take disciplinary action. A non-disciplinary adverse action is an adverse action taken for reason(s) other than to correct an employees delinquency or misconduct. Research Papers on Juror Misstatements of LawCapital PunishmentUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Fifth HorsemanResearch Process Part OnePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Project Managment Office System

Mediation, Arbitration, and Litigation

Mediation, Arbitration, and Litigation Mediation, Arbitration, and Litigation Mediation, Arbitration, and Litigation By Maeve Maddox In general usage, mediate and arbitrate are synonyms. However, as a reader pointed out when I used the words mediator and arbitrated in a sentence illustrating the difference between uninterested and disinterested, the roles of mediator and arbitrator in a legal context are distinct. Note: Like arbitrator, the noun arbiter also means â€Å"one who judges.† Arbiter usually refers to someone who judges matters of taste or etiquette: â€Å"Gradually, the arbiters of the New York art world caught on. Superlatives in The New York Times became almost routine.† The reader, who has served as both mediator and arbitrator, explains the difference this way: As a mediator, I help to facilitate a resolution of matters  in dispute, a resolutionthat all parties then agree to. I do not decide the matter, the parties do.    As an arbitrator, I act as a judge although I consider the parties respective  proposals for resolution, I decide how the matters will be resolved. Because litigation is time-consuming and extremely expensive, processes called mediation and arbitration have become popular as alternatives or adjuncts to litigation. litigation: any lawsuit or other resort to the courts to determine a legal question or matter. mediation: an attempt to settle a legal dispute with the help of a mediator (neutral third party) who works with the disputants to find points of agreement and reach a fair solution. arbitration: an informal trial presided over by a person or panel of persons (neutral third parties) who are not judges in the judicial system. Mediation may or may not result in a satisfactory settlement. With arbitration, the disputing parties (usually) agree in advance to accept the decision of the arbitrator/s. Sources: FindLaw.com and Law.com Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. HadWhen to Form a Plural with an ApostropheIf I Was vs. If I Were

Academic paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Academic paper - Essay Example These common images of nursing contribute to the willingness of students to enter nursing programs. Some consider that the nursing shortage that has existed from 1998 (Seago, 2004) has been caused by the negative image the public sometimes has of nurses. Therefore, public images of nursing have consequences in many areas of society. As the public has its images of nursing and what it means to be a nurse, youth are influenced by those ideas. What students believe of nurses will alter their desires to enter the nursing field. This, in turn, contributes to the shortage of nurses in the United States. Of students who choose to enter the nursing field, often their images of nursing change as they enter clinicals (Sand-Jecklin). Nursing students hold images of nursing that evolve, while students who leave nursing programs maintain the stereotype that they’d had previously. This seen, it is obvious that in order to break stereotypes of nursing, one must actually be a nurse and encounter a nurses’ experiences. It is difficult to change society’s perception of nursing. In terms of nursing students, it has been shown that their ideals, stereotypes, and impressions of nursing alter with their experience. Sand-Jecklin studied demographic data of 150 nursing students. Their motivations for entering the nursing field were reported. Twelve percent chose nursing for the variety of positions the profession entails; other reasons were job security, salary, and challenging career. Across the literature, findings show that among the positive perceptions of nursing, mainly found from studies on nursing students, are job opportunity and salary. An aspect of Dr. Sand-Jecklin’s study that gauged the public perception of nursing was the report the perceptions students have of nursing prior to entering nursing programs. Most often, students entered nursing programs with altruistic reasons. This phenomenon is often